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c programming for embedded microcontroller systems

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HACK AND CLONE CAR KEY FOB, MY EPIC FAILURE...!!

In this blog post i'm sharing my experience on cloning the my car key fob signal and how to do it properly. first things frist the cars now a days comes with a wireless remote key where u get atleast 2 or 3 options like lock,unlocking ,trunk(we call it as dickey!!!).....these options let your car access wirelessly and some cars are completly keyless for even driving. the keys of the cars are actually communicating with certain frequency like 433.xxxMHz or some countries uses 315.xxxMHz...the car companies uses an algorithm called " ROLLING CODES "...these are not that esay to crack cause they change every time u press key and once the key transmitted it cannot be used again... but a hacker named "samy kamakar" demonstrated an attack called REPLAY ATTACK where u simply transmitt the signal by recording the key fob away from car or blocking the signal and then recording. so this is how i've tried it..frist i needed to listen to the signals as possible in 10KHz...

"Kernel Panic” error After upgrading Parrot OS

This guide will walk you through the steps of resolving the kernel panic error that you may encounter after upgrading your Parrot OS kernel to version 5.6.0. Step 1: Enter Recovery Mode Restart your computer and enter the GRUB menu by pressing the appropriate key during the boot process. The specific key may vary depending on your computer's manufacturer and BIOS settings. Common keys include F2, F10, Delete, or Esc. Once in the GRUB menu, select "Advanced Mode" using the arrow keys and press Enter. In the Advanced Mode menu, locate the entry for Parrot OS 6.1 and select "Recovery Mode" using the arrow keys. Press Enter to boot into Recovery Mode. Step 2: Purge Problematic Packages Once in Recovery Mode, log in as root using the default credentials. Open a terminal window by selecting "Drop to root shell prompt" from the Recovery Mode menu. ...

secrets of arduino atmega328p adc

In this tutorials i'm gonna tell you all about the adc present in arduino famous boards like UNO,NANO,MINI....the atmega328p chips consist of the " 10-bit resolution adc " inside the uC. The type of adc is used in is Successive approximation ADC . these are kind are slow but gives good resolution though. let's dig in registers of adc in atmega328p. To read analog input we need The reg " ADMUX ". T he adc reg have a Pin called AREF (adc reference voltage). The gives 10-bit number i.e 0-1023, 0-0V & 1023-5V. it measures using this formula Vin = (Analog Ref * analogRead() ) / 1024 we need stable AREF voltage we can use internal 1.1V reference or we need to provide a stable voltage anywhere between 0.3V-5V externally. [NOTE: if ur are planning to provide external voltage to aref pin present on arduino uno,nano,mini, the recommended value is less than 5v to be safe on safe side cause the voltage of external 5v source may not be 5v exactly so if it i...

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Labels

ARDUINO
bash
computer-vision
digital logic 101
electronics basics
linux
machine learning
math
others
python

RASPBERRYPI
rf
tech

Show more Show less

"Kernel Panic” error After upgrading Parrot OS

This guide will walk you through the steps of resolving the kernel panic error that you may encounter after upgrading your Parrot OS kernel to version 5.6.0. Step 1: Enter Recovery Mode Restart your computer and enter the GRUB menu by pressing the appropriate key during the boot process. The specific key may vary depending on your computer's manufacturer and BIOS settings. Common keys include F2, F10, Delete, or Esc. Once in the GRUB menu, select "Advanced Mode" using the arrow keys and press Enter. In the Advanced Mode menu, locate the entry for Parrot OS 6.1 and select "Recovery Mode" using the arrow keys. Press Enter to boot into Recovery Mode. Step 2: Purge Problematic Packages Once in Recovery Mode, log in as root using the default credentials. Open a terminal window by selecting "Drop to root shell prompt" from the Recovery Mode menu. ...

HACK AND CLONE CAR KEY FOB, MY EPIC FAILURE...!!

In this blog post i'm sharing my experience on cloning the my car key fob signal and how to do it properly. first things frist the cars now a days comes with a wireless remote key where u get atleast 2 or 3 options like lock,unlocking ,trunk(we call it as dickey!!!).....these options let your car access wirelessly and some cars are completly keyless for even driving. the keys of the cars are actually communicating with certain frequency like 433.xxxMHz or some countries uses 315.xxxMHz...the car companies uses an algorithm called " ROLLING CODES "...these are not that esay to crack cause they change every time u press key and once the key transmitted it cannot be used again... but a hacker named "samy kamakar" demonstrated an attack called REPLAY ATTACK where u simply transmitt the signal by recording the key fob away from car or blocking the signal and then recording. so this is how i've tried it..frist i needed to listen to the signals as possible in 10KHz...

HACK HC-05(BLUETOOTH MODULE) FRIMWARE INTO HID FRIMWARE

This post helps you to change the firmware of the hc05 Bluetooth chip into hid enabled Bluetooth chip. The HID stands for “HUMAN INTERFACE DEVICES” means things like your keyboard, mouse, printer, joysticks, etc.. Drivers get automatically installed in your computer without any external drivers needed. The hc05 default don’t have hid capability but, the chip hc05 uses is same clone of chip RN-42 uses (BC417) , the RN-42 is an HID enabled chip. We gonna swap the firmware’s of rn42 into hc05. [NOTE: this particular hc05 chip comes with serial interface in it if you perform this swap it no longer work as serial Bluetooth chip. If you want you can save the firmware of hc05 and re-swap again to work normal]. That being said what are the things we need to perform this task are: 1. HC05 module for sure (duh!) 2. RN-42 chip {Wait if you are performing this task you must be very enthusiastic in electronics or extremely poor then why the hell you gonna buy an r...

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demorgan's Law

1 Best way to add members to Telegram group(2021 using python)

This post for those who want to add members to thier telegram group, which could take forever if we do manually, hence we can automate this take. I 'm using python for this automation. Using the python script called telethon we can add members to the group. T he daliy limit is 200 members. The script adds members with 60-180 sec intervals to avoid bans. you need the following installed in your computer : 1.python 3 (recent one would be better) 2.pip install of python installed(we can enable this option while install python choosing custom install) 3.telethon package installed using pip installer. 4.telegram group api registered in the telegram website. 5.good internet(mandatory) 1.Install python 3 CODE : visit python.org for downloading and installing the windows pacakge. Note: 1.choose the custom installing to enable necessary installers in windows. 2.if you are on the linux or mac python is defaultly ins...

HOW TO WRITE YOUR OWN CODE FOR AN LCD DISPLAY (16X2 OR 16X4)

The Arduino ide default comes with an excellent library with examples for LCD display it’s really easy! One to use. Mine is not best one but the reason behind this post is to experience the feel of writing your own code and understanding the embedded displays and their working technology and how they works with u-controllers, maybe in future it can helps you to write a code for lcd display with other new microcontrollers or other programming languages. So let’s start with the one important things: The datasheet is your friend in this quest for any quest, for real! So getting the data sheet is important here I’m using a 16x2 LCD. This kind LCD is based on parallel interface LCD controller chip from Hitachi called the HD44780. Next is physical pinout the display uses a matrix of dots and displays only characters in 16x2 matrixes. Each character is displayed in a 5 column × 8 row dot matrix or a 5 column × 10 row dot matrix The pinout is LCD has totally 16 pins they are: 1....

CONVOLUTION: KERNALS FOR FEATURE EXTRACTION IN IMAGE PROCESSING

An image as simple as 200x200 is too much information for a Nueral network or a computer to understand. The machine learning algorithm like logic regression cannot process the 200x200 information of image, even if it does, the results may not be favourable at all. The accuracy of Nueral Network totally depend upon the input we've given it. So in machine learning the NN's preprocess the input and extract necessary information from the input. Something advance such as CONVOLUTION NUERAL NETWORK(CNN) perform feature extraction. In order to extract feature from an image we need convolution in image processing. Convolution is process in signal processing which is used to combine 2 signals. More about convolution in here . Here the convolution in computer vision is for feature extraction . We extract important details from image like Edges,noise removal,etc... The extraction of important data can be achieved by using a KERNAL . The kernal method is used for sharping,embrose,smoo...

MAKE ARDUINO DIGITAL PINS SWITCH FASTER ANYTHING USING PORT MANUPULATION

This post helps to use port manipulation technique to switch multiple ports ON or OFF at same time improves switching speed to Micro seconds . The Arduino ide default uses the digital Write() function for ON or OFF the digital pins but if take a look at the backend code of the digital write function there is lot happening that takes lot of the time nearly 50ms delay to execute . Since it is slow and sequential in execution we can use PORT MANIPULATION technique to speed up process. After all c code is faster than c++. Here the avr dude compiler built in Arduino ide uses register called DDRX means “Data direction register” the “X” replaces the PORTS of atmega328pu. The DDRX replaces the pinMode () function on void setup (). In DDRB means data direction register of portB(pin 8 to 13) the direction of ‘0’ means ‘’INPUT’’ ‘1’ means OUTPUT. The PORTX used instead of digital Write () which is used to turn on or off all port pins same time. Here the “X” means PORT NAME B, C, D. w...

secrets of arduino atmega328p adc

In this tutorials i'm gonna tell you all about the adc present in arduino famous boards like UNO,NANO,MINI....the atmega328p chips consist of the " 10-bit resolution adc " inside the uC. The type of adc is used in is Successive approximation ADC . these are kind are slow but gives good resolution though. let's dig in registers of adc in atmega328p. To read analog input we need The reg " ADMUX ". T he adc reg have a Pin called AREF (adc reference voltage). The gives 10-bit number i.e 0-1023, 0-0V & 1023-5V. it measures using this formula Vin = (Analog Ref * analogRead() ) / 1024 we need stable AREF voltage we can use internal 1.1V reference or we need to provide a stable voltage anywhere between 0.3V-5V externally. [NOTE: if ur are planning to provide external voltage to aref pin present on arduino uno,nano,mini, the recommended value is less than 5v to be safe on safe side cause the voltage of external 5v source may not be 5v exactly so if it i...

PYSERIAL WITH ARDUINO(comms with arduino from pc)

In this post we're gonna learn about "pyserial" python language library package to communicate or log data from arduino to pc (or) we can get rid of the serial port of arduino.H ence we do the same as we do in serial monitor. the module can be installed using pip for linux: " sudo python -m pip install pyserial" for windows : " pip install pyserial" here is a small arduino skecth for reading from terminal or cmd from arduino serial port code: import serial as sl #importing the serial lib as name sl import time mon = '/dev/ttyACM0' #declearing a variable for port name baud = 9600 #defining baud rate arduino = serial . Serial(mon, baud, timeout =. 1 ) while True : mon = arduino . readline() print ( 'the read data:,mon' ) #printing message for reading data from serial here is the python file for data loging code: import serial arduino_port = "/dev/ttyACM0" #serial port of Arduino ba...

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HACK AND CLONE CAR KEY FOB, MY EPIC FAILURE...!!

"Kernel Panic” error After upgrading Parrot OS

secrets of arduino atmega328p adc